Biology

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    Electronic Guide to Wildflowers: Maintaining an Online Database for Natural Areas
    (Mason City, Iowa : North Iowa Area Community College, 2001) Wacha, Richard S.; Ulrick, Kelly
    An online guide to wildflowers of the Saylorville Lake Recreation Area, Des Moines River Basin, Polk Co., Iowa, is maintained as a public information project in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Each wildflower is represented by a digital image and scientific description. Digitally created diagrams of leaf and flower structure are also included. Issues associated with maintenance of the online guide are discussed. These include: (a) collection of data and online delivery methods, (b) features of a traditional guide compared to those of an electronic guide delivered online, (c) an electronic guide as a database, (d) incorporatig online data in CD-ROM and PDF formats, and (e) publishing online data through the peer review process.
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    "Evaluation of high-dose estrogen and high-dose estrogen plus methyltestosterone treatment on cognitive task performance in postmenopausal women"
    (S Karger AG (Basel, Switzerland), 2002) Wisniewski, Amy B.; Nguyen, Tam T.; Dobs, Adrian Sandra
    Objectives: To investigate the cognitive effects of high-dose oral estrogen alone or in combination with oral methyltestosterone in postmenopausal women. Methods: Participants were tested with a randomized, double-blind design on the Identical Pictures, Cube Comparisons, Building Memory and Shape Memory tasks before and after 4 months of hormone treatment. Results: Women receiving estrogen and methyltestosterone maintained a steady level of performance on the Building Memory task, whereas those receiving estrogen alone showed a decrease in performance. Conclusions: These results indicate that the addition of testosterone to high-dose estrogen replacement exerts a protective effect on memory performance in postmenopausal women. Copyright © 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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    "Sexual differentiation: From genes to gender"
    (S Karger AG (Basel, Switzerland), 1998) Migeon, Claude J.; Wisniewski, Amy B.
    A person's sex can be considered across various levels. To illustrate, genes, hormones, and genitalia can all be considered physical markers of a person's sex. In addition to physical markers, behaviors such as gender role, gender identity and sexual orientation can be perceived as stereotypically male or female. The purpose of this review is to summarize current knowledge of sexual differentiation which emphasizes genetic and hormonal mechanisms that result in male and female development of gonads and genitalia. Finally, consideration is given to associations between genetic sex, gonadal sex, and hormonal sex with gender. Copyright 1998 S Karger AG.
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    "Human sex differentiation: From transcription factors to gender"
    (S Karger AG (Basel, Switzerland), 2000) Migeon, Claude J.; Wisniewski, Amy B.
    Over the past decade, knowledge of the genetic control of human sex differentiation has greately expanded our understanding of the developmental processes needed to form a male or female. The purpose of this review is to discuss how transcription factors are relevant to such processes. Additionally, an attempt is made to relate current knowledge of these factors with gender development of subjects with intersex conditions. Finally, we discuss how information about the genetic control of sex differentiation may contribute to decisions about medical treatment of individuals with conditions of abnormal sex differentiation. Copyright (C) 2000 S. Karger AG, Basel.